Dental complications associated with neonatal intubation in preterm infants

This paper describes the potential oral complications in preterm infants who have undergone orotracheal intubation. Neonatal intubation may have adverse effects on the developing deciduous teeth, oral soft tissues, and even the permanent teeth. However, endotracheal intubation may be essential for the survival of premature infants, owing to incomplete tracheal development. Excessive pressure to the oral tissue must be avoided, in cases where orotracheal intubation is inevitable. Moreover, the potential oral complications must be considered when neonatal intubation is performed for the patient's survival, and subsequent reevaluation and proper oral health care are needed.

Importancia del odontólogo dentro del plantel multidisciplinario de oncología / Importance of the dentist within the multidisciplinary team of oncology

Se revisó en la literatura científica la importancia del odontólogo dentro del plantel multidisciplinario de oncología en artículos científicos extraídos de bases de datos tales como: PubMed, SciELO, CrossRef, Revistas USC, Revista Científica Odontológica, Elsevier, Researchgate, Google Académico, Wiley Online Library y Springer. En base a 32 artículos seleccionados se concluye que el odontólogo como parte del plantel multidisciplinario de oncología tiene un papel sumamente importante, ya que su integración permite contrarrestar las distintas complicaciones orales que se presentan a consecuencia de las diferentes terapias antineoplásicas a las cuales son sometidos los pacientes con cáncer. Estas complicaciones orales deben ser indefectiblemente tratadas, pues, su presencia en la cavidad oral constituye un riesgo aún mayor en cuanto a infección sistémica se refiere. He aquí la importancia del odontólogo dentro del plantel multidisciplinario de oncología evitando y previniendo la propagación de focos infecciosos y mejorando así la calidad de vida de los pacientes oncológicos.

The importance of the dentist within the oncology multidisciplinary staff in scientific articles extracted from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, CrossRef, USC Journals, Dental Scientific Journal, Elsevier, Researchgate, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and Springer was reviewed. Based on 32 selected articles, it is concluded that the dentist as part of the oncology multidisciplinary team plays an extremely important role, since its integration allows counteracting the different oral complications that arise as a consequence of the different antineoplastic therapies to which the cancer patients are subjected. These oral complications must be treated unfailingly, since their presence in the oral cavity constitutes an even greater risk as far as systemic infection is concerned. Here is the importance of the dentist within the oncology multidisciplinary staff, avoiding and preventing the spread of infectious foci and thus improving the quality of life of cancer patients.

Factores predisponentes que afectan la salud bucodental en pacientes con diabetes mellitus / Predisposing factors affecting oral health in diabetes mellitus patients

La diabetes mellitus es considerada, hoy en día, como una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes; por ello, es importante conocer cuáles son sus alteraciones más relevantes a nivel bucal. El paciente diabético representa a una persona con cambios generales de salud, con complicaciones tempranas o tardías propias de su estado sistémico, con referencia a su conducta local, es posible encontrar pacientes con pobre higiene bucal, caries, enfermedad periodontal, infecciones tales como: candidiasis, herpes, y aftas, tendencia al sangrado postquirúrgico y pobre respuesta cicatrizal, entre otras afecciones infecciosas o inflamatorias. Por lo tanto obliga a implementar cambios de modalidad terapéutica dental convencional, así como observar restricciones y consideraciones del manejo odontológico de estos individuos por las complicaciones que conlleva. En esta investigación se plantea estudiar cada una de las complicaciones bucodentales con los distintos signos y síntomas que presentan los pacientes diabéticos, con la propuesta de un manual de procedimientos odontológicos para el manejo de las mismas. La metodología es de consulta mediante encuestas a 100 pacientes del Club de Diabéticos del Hospital del Día «Dr. Efrén Jurado López¼ perteneciente al Seguro Social y el Dispensario N° 10 del Ministerio de Salud Pública, ambos ubicados en Guayaquil a los cuales se les aplicará un cuestionario de preguntas con la finalidad de determinar el conocimiento que tienen los mismos, en el ámbito de nuestra zona básica de salud, referente a la repercusión de la enfermedad en la salud bucodental, y el riesgo que supone someterse a la atención dental, cuando la misma no está controlada. De igual forma se aplicarán las encuestas a odontólogos para saber si aplican el protocolo de atención para pacientes diabéticos debido a que son de alto riesgo. Con los resultados esperados se diseñará un manual de atención odontológica para mejorar los tratamientos bucos orales al paciente diabético y sus enfermedades concomitantes que conlleven a mejorar su calidad de vida.

Diabetes mellitus is presently considered one of the most frequent diseases, therefore, it is important to know the most relevant alterations in the mouth caused by it. Diabetic patients are subjects afflicted with general health changes, with early or late complications characteristic of their systemic circumstances. With respect to local behaviour of the disease, it is possible to encounter patients with poor oral hygiene, caries, periodontal disease, infections such as candidiasis, herpes and canker sores, tendency to postsurgical bleeding, and poor healing response among other infectious or inflammatory diseases. Therefore, changes in conventional dental therapy modes are needed, as well as study of restrictions and considerations of dental treatment of these patients due to their inherent complications. The aim of the present research project was to study every oral/dental complications with different signs and symptoms exhibited by diabetic patients, as well as to propose a manual of dental procedures to undertake treatment. Consultation methodology was implemented by means of a survey conducted on 100 patients from the Diabetics Club of the «Dr. Efrén Jurado López¼ Day Hospital (Social Security) and the number 10 Dispensary of the Public Health Ministry. Both institutions were located in Guayaquil. Participating subjects were presented with a questionnaire in order to determine the knowledge they possessed on repercussions the disease might exert on their oral health, within the frame of our basic health zone, as well as risks encountered when receiving dental care in a state of uncontrolled disease. Likewise, surveys will be used with dentists in order to ascertain whether they apply care protocol for diabetic patients, since they are considered high-risk patients. With expected results, a dental treatment manual will be designed in order to improve oral and dental treatment for diabetic patients and concomitant diseases, so as to improve patient's quality of life.

Implications of the use of bisphosphonates in dental treatment - experience of the service of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil

Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BP) are effective drugs in the prevention and treatment of various bone pathologies, acting in the regulation of osteoclast function through different mechanisms. Despite the success in the treatment of various diseases, these drugs have the ability to induce an avascular necrosis of bone tissue, especially in the maxilla and mandible. Objective: Due the significant increase number of cases of patients with oral complications associated with BP therapy in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Erasto Gaertner Hospital, the study aimed to report our experience in the care of these patients. Material and methods: Patients submitted to BP therapy were enrolled prospectively between the years of 2011 and 2012. Clinical examination was performed in all patients to evaluate dental health as well oral mucosa. All patients are under follow-up in our service. Results: 26 patients who used BP were attended in the ambulatory. Twenty-three patients used BP for oncological indication and three for osteoporosis. Most of patients were women (6666%) with average age of 56 years old. The most frequent medication used was Pamidronate (54%), followed by Zoledronic acid (30%) and Alendronate (15%). Ten patients showed bone exposition, most of then in the mandible (80%), with an average time of one year of exposure. Conclusion: Dentists should advise their patients about the use of BP and the implications for oral health and treatments. These patients must have periodic consultations for evaluation and early detection of osteonecrosis associated to BP for adequate treatment.

Complicaciones orales en pacientes sometidos a radioterapia: revisión de literatura / Oral complications in patients undergoing radiotherapy: a review of literature

Objetivo: Presentar los principales conceptos de radiobiología, radioterapia en cavidadoral y complicaciones asociadas, para llevar a cabo acciones seguras de tipo preventivo yterapéutico por parte del profesional o del equipo tratante. Método: La revisión se llevó acabo en diferentes bases de datos y revistas acerca del manejo odontológico de pacientessometidos a radioterapia. Resultados: Actualmente, el tratamiento para el cáncer tiene unenfoque multidisciplinario, en el cual participan distintos profesionales de la salud (incluidoel odontólogo) en las fases de diagnóstico, tratamiento específico mediante extirpaciónquirúrgica, tratamiento citotóxico con quimioterapia y radiaciones ionizantes, y rehabilitación.La radioterapia trae consigo complicaciones producto de la interacción de las radiacionesionizantes con el organismo: efectos de tipo físico, químico y biológico, debido a lainteracción entre las partículas cargadas y los átomos del tejido irradiado. Adicionalmente,se llevan a cabo reacciones enzimáticas que reparan la mayoría de las lesiones radioinducidas,como daños en el ADN, y los principales efectos radiobiológicos negativos o adversos.En la cavidad oral se presentan complicaciones de tipo agudo como mucositis, xerostomíay riesgo de infección; al igual que reacciones tardías como alteración en la vascularizaciónde hueso y mucosa, daño en glándulas salivares, reducción celular en el tejido conectivo yriesgo de incremento en la síntesis de colágeno, lo que resulta en fibrosis y produce tejidoshipovasculares, hipocelulares e hipóxicos, que afectan al hueso, pues reduce su capacidadde remodelación e incrementa su riesgo de infección y osteorradionecrosis...

Objective: To introduces the main concepts in radiobiology, radiotherapy in the oral cavity,and complications associated with them, in order to carry out preventive and curativeactions safely by the health professional and team. Method: The review was performed inseveral databases and journals on the dental care of patients undergoing radiotherapy. Results:Currently, treatment for cancer is carried out through a multidisciplinary approach withdifferent health professionals (including dentists) participating to determine its diagnosis,specific treatment through surgical removal, cytotoxic treatment with chemotherapy and/or ionizing radiation, and rehabilitation. Radiotherapy produces complications as a reactionbetween the ionizing radiation and the body: Physical, chemical and biological effects due tointeractions between the charged particles and the atoms of the irradiated tissue; in addition,enzymatic reactions take place to repair most of the radioinduced lesions, like damagein the DNA, the main negative or adverse radiobiological effects. In the oral cavity, there areacute reactions such as mucositis, xerostomia and risk of infection, as well as late reactionssuch as alterations of bone and mucose vascularization, saliva gland damage, cell reductionin connective tissue, and risk of collagen synthesis increase, which results in fibrosis andhypovascular, hypocellular and hypoxic tissues that affect bones because its remodelingcapacity is diminished and the risk of infection and osteor adionecrosis is incr eased...

Radiotherapy complications and their possible management in the head and neck region.

Oral complications from radiation to the head and neck or chemotherapy for any malignancy can compromise patients' health and quality of life and affect their ability to complete planned cancer treatment. For some patients the complications can be so debilitating that they may tolerate only lower doses of therapy, postpone scheduled treatments, or discontinue treatment entirely. Oral complications can also lead to serious systemic infections. Medically necessary oral care before, during, and after cancer treatment can prevent or reduce the incidence and severity of oral complications, enhancing both patient survival and quality of life. In the present article we present an overview of oral complications, and their possible management, after radiation therapy in the head-and-neck region.

Radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço: complicações bucais e a atuação do cirurgião dentista / Head and neck radiotherapy: oral complications and the performance of the surgeon dentist

Objetivo: explicitar as alterações sofridas pelo paciente submetido a tratamento radioterápico e salientar a importância do cirurgião dentista como parte integrante de uma equipe multidisciplinar que assistirá o doente. Método: pesquisa bibliográfica nas fontes: periódicos, livros e acesso à internet. Considerações finais: o cirurgião dentista é o profissional com melhores condições de avaliar e tratar as alterações bucais, assim como, aplicar medidas preventivas de acompanhamento da saúde bucal do paciente radiado na área da cabeça e pescoço, visando minimizar os efeitos estomatológicos e funcionais causados por essa terapia.

Objective: set out alterations and to point out the importance of the surgeon dentist as integrant of a medical team. Method: literature review in: cientific magazine, books and web access. Final considerations: the surgeon dentist is the professional with better conditions to to evaluate and to treat the sick person, as well as applying writ of prevention of accompaniment of the oral health of the patient radiated in the area of the head and neck, aiming at to minimize the estomatologic and functional effect caused by this therapy.

Dental needs in brazilian patients subjected to head and neck radiotherapy

In spite of its recognized benefits in the treatment of malignant tumors, radiation therapy have several side effects in the head and neck region. The evaluation of oral conditions by a dentist is important to prevent or minimize these problems. The aim of this retrospective review was to analyze the dental needs in 357 patients who received radiotherapy in the head and neck region and were treated at Orocentro/FOP/UNICAMP, between January 1990 and December 2004. Review of patient files showed that dental examination before radiotherapy was not performed in 148 patients (41.5 percent) and was done in 209 patients (58.5 percent). From the total of examined patients, 94 (45 percent) did not require dental procedures at the moment of examination, while 115 (55 percent) presented some sort of dental need. Following the patients after the radiotherapy, it was observed that the group of patients that was evaluated before radiation presented less need of restorations, root canal filling and dental extractions than those who were not evaluated. The results of this study confirm that the evaluation of oral conditions prior to radiotherapy is essential to minimize the dental needs, emphasizing the importance of the dentist in the multidisciplinary team that treats cancer patients.

Apesar dos benefícios da radioterapia no tratamento de tumores malignos, vários são os seus efeitos colaterais na região de cabeça e pescoço. Sendo assim, a avaliação das condições bucais pelo cirurgião dentista é fundamental para prevenir e/ou minimizar estes danos. Este estudo retrospectivo teve como objetivo verificar as condições dentárias e as necessidades de tratamento odontológico dos 357 pacientes que receberam radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço, atendidos pelo Orocentro/ FOP/UNICAMP, no período de janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 2004. Em 148 (41,5 por cento) do total dos pacientes a avaliação odontológica não foi realizada previamente à radioterapia. A avaliação odontológica pré-radioterápica foi realizada em 209 pacientes (58,5 por cento) dos quais 94 (45 por cento) não tinham necessidades de tratamento odontológico no momento da avaliação, enquanto 115 (55 por cento) apresentavam algum tipo de necessidade odontológica. O grupo de pacientes avaliados antes da radioterapia apresentou menores necessidades de restaurações, endodontias e exodontias que os pacientes não avaliados. Conclui-se que a avaliação das condições bucais previamente à radioterapia é essencial para diminuir as necessidades de tratamento odontológico enfatizando a importância da participação do cirurgião-dentista na equipe multidisciplinar que trata pacientes com câncer.

Alterações bucais e cuidados orais no paciente transplantado de medula óssea: [revisão] / Oral alterations and oral care in bone marrow transplant patients: [revision]

Os cuidados gerais relativos ao paciente submetido ao transplante de medula óssea (TMO) incluem avaliações odontológicas rotineiras, as quais devem estar inseridas em um contexto multiprofissional. A cavidade oral constitui um sítio propício a infecções com grande potencial de desenvolvimento de bacteremia, sendo que lesões infecciosas devem ser previamente tratadas e controladas pelo cirurgião-dentista. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir questões em destaque na literatura nacional e internacional referentes aos quadros inflamatórios e infecciosos orais de importância para o paciente transplantado de medula óssea, tanto os predisponentes a complicações durante o transplante, quanto os que ocorrem durante e após a terapia mielossupressora. Destaca-se na literatura a doença periodontal avançada, a qual constitui um quadro infeccioso crônico que deve ser evitado ou controlado durante o TMO, principalmente devido à presença de S. viridans. Os fatores de risco para mucosite oral (OM), doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH) e xerostomia ainda não estão definidos, principalmente para OM e DECH. São citadas na literatura alternativas promissoras de tratamento para OM, tais como crioterapia, administração de fatores de crescimento e laserterapia. O risco aumentado de cárie é controverso e, dentre as lesões fúngicas e virais, destacam-se as infecções orais e de orofaringe por Candida e pela família de herpesvírus, de importância clínica considerável. Em pacientes pediátricos são relevantes as alterações craniofaciais e dentárias, decorrentes principalmente da radioterapia.

General care in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients includes routine dental evaluations, which must be included in a multi-professional context. The oral cavity is a site that favors infections with high potential for consequent bacteremia and so infectious lesions must be treated or controlled by the dentist. The aim of this review is to discuss key questions in national and international literature with reference to oral inflammatory conditions of BMT patients, both those with predisposition to complications during the transplant and those that emerge during and after myelosuppression therapy. The literature emphasizes advanced periodontal disease, which is a chronic infectious condition that must be avoided or controlled during BMT, particularly because of the presence of S. viridans. The risk factors for oral mucositis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and xerostomia have not yet been defined, particularly for oral mucositis and GVHD. Promising alternatives in the treatment of oral mucositis, including cryotherapy, administration of growth factors and laser therapy, are emphatically mentioned. In children, craniofacial and dental alterations, particularly resulting from radiotherapy are relevant. The increased risk of caries is controversial, and among fungal and viral lesions, oral and oropharyngeal infections by Candida and the herpes virus are identified as being of considerable clinical importance.

Complicações bucais da radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço / Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck

A radioterapia é uma forma terapêutica amplamente utilizada para o tratamento das neoplasias malignas da cabeça e pescoço. Porém, altas doses de radiação em extensos campos que irão incluir a cavidade bucal, maxila, mandíbula e glândulas salivares freqüentemente resultam em diversas reações indesejadas. Dentre as complicações da radioterapia estão a mucosite, candidose, disgeusia, cárie por radiação, osteorradionecrose, necrose do tecido mole e xerostomia. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão das reações adversas que podem ser detectadas durante o tratamento radioterápico em região de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: A literatura pertinente que trata do assunto foi revisada. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Revisão de literatura. RESULTADOS: A radioterapia ainda está associada a diversas reações adversas, que afetam de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento multidisciplinar, incluindo a equipe médica, o cirurgião-dentista, o fonoaudiólogo, o nutricionista e o psicólogo é a melhor alternativa para minimizar ou mesmo prevenir tais complicações.

Radiotherapy is a treatment modality largely used for head and neck malignancies. However, high doses of radiation in large areas, including the oral cavity, maxilla, mandible and salivary glands may result in several undesired reactions. Mucositis, candidosis, disgeusia, radiation caries, osteoradionecrosis, soft tissue necrosis and xerostomia are some of radiotherapyÆs complications. AIM: The aim of this study is to briefly review the side effects that may be seen in the oral cavity during or after radiotherapy treatment in the head and neck region. BASIC METHOD USED: Review of relevant literature. STUDY DESING: Literature review. RESULTS: Radiotherapy is still associated with several side effects, significantly affecting patientsÆ quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary treatment, including physicians, dentists, speech therapits, nutritionists, and psychologists, is the best alternative to minimize, or even prevent such reactions.

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE CARE OF ORAL COMPLICATIONS IN THE ADMISSION PATIENTS WITH MAJOR RENAL DISEASES

A clinical study on the care of oral complications in the admission patients with major malignant tumors